प्राचीन हिंदू महाकाव्य रामायण को कई सदियों में अलग-अलग तरीकों से पुनः प्रस्तुत किया गया है। इस लेख में पाँच विभिन्न संस्करणों की चर्चा की गई है- मूल वाल्मीकि रामायण, सरल तुलसीदास रामायण, महिलाओं की भूमिका पर विशेष जोर देने वाली कंबन रामायण, आध्यात्मिक व्याख्या वाली अध्यात्म रामायण, और भगवान राम की भक्ति पर जोर देने वाली हिंदी भाषा की रामचरितमानस। हर संस्करण की अपनी विशेषताएँ हैं, जैसे भाषा, पात्र और घटनाओं पर जोर। वाल्मीकि रामायण एक विस्तृत और जटिल कथा प्रस्तुत करती है, जबकि तुलसीदास रामायण को आम जनसंख्या आसानी से समझ सकती है। अध्यात्म रामायण भगवान राम की कथा से सीखने वाली शिक्षा पर जोर देती है, जबकि कंबन रामायण भगवान राम की कथा का एक नया और मौलिक दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत करती है। अंत में, रामचरितमानस एक और संस्करण है जो हिंदी भाषा में लिखा गया है और भगवान राम के प्रति सम्मान पर जोर देता है। विभिन्न रामायण संस्करणों पर अधिक अध्ययन के लिए कई संदर्भ कार्य उपयोग किए जा सकते हैं।

A useful tool in many disciplines, including biology, chemistry, and computer science, is graph theory. Graph labeling facilitates the analysis of graph structures by giving distinct labels to graph elements. One kind of labeling that has drawn notice is harmonious labeling, which has become more popular due to its sophisticated qualities and possible uses. This paper explores a key field of graph theory: harmonic labeling in path-related graphs: theoretical developments and real-world applications. Significant progress has been made in the area of harmonious labeling, which assigns unique labels to graph vertices and edges so that the labels on neighboring edges are unique.

The demand for proficient English communication skills has become crucial in the Indian technical education landscape. This study explores how two communicative pedagogical strategies—role-play and group discussion—influence spoken English performance among engineering students. A 6-week intervention was conducted with 100 second-year students across two engineering colleges in Delhi. A mixed-method research approach, including pre- and post-assessments, classroom observation, and interviews, was employed. The findings reveal significant improvements in fluency, vocabulary usage, coherence, and self-confidence, validating the effectiveness of interactive speaking tasks.

Emotional regulation is a critical psychological skill that influences mental well-being and interpersonal relationships. This paper explores emotional regulation through the integrated perspectives of yoga and psychology. Yoga, an ancient mind-body practice, emphasizes mindfulness, breath control, and physical postures, which have been shown to enhance emotional balance. Psychology provides a scientific framework to understand and measure emotional regulation processes. By combining these two disciplines, this study aims to identify the mechanisms through which yoga influences emotional regulation and to evaluate its effectiveness compared to traditional psychological interventions. Findings suggest that yoga promotes emotional awareness and resilience by activating parasympathetic responses and cognitive reframing, thereby supporting psychological health.

The online business is the part and parcel of modern era. There has been tremendous improvement in number of beneficiaries of online business. There are several factors which are responsible for its growth. One of the crucial among them will be the availability of internet facility at modest price. The internet adeptness has made everyone to feel good about online business. In this research the researcher has made an effort to study the satisfaction in online business. for this purpose he has filled questionnaire from 100 respondents in Nagpur city.

This research paper explores the intersection of legal frameworks and the lived experiences of survivors residing in shelter homes in Haryana, India. It critically examines the implementation of key legal provisions such as the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, and state-specific initiatives like One Stop Centres and Swadhar Greh. Through qualitative interviews with survivors and analysis of policy documents, the study highlights systemic gaps between legislative intent and on-ground realities. Findings reveal challenges including limited shelter capacity, inadequate psychosocial support, and bureaucratic hurdles in accessing justice. The paper advocates for survivor-centric reforms, enhanced inter-agency coordination, and increased resource allocation to ensure that shelter homes serve as effective instruments of rehabilitation and empowerment.

The concept of green branding is increasingly becoming a useful instrument toward the establishment of sustainable identities by businesses seeking to capture the expanding electric vehicle (EV) market. This study provides a comparison of green branding of two Indian giants Tata Motors and Ola Electric. The paper discusses the nature by which these companies communicate sustainability, involve consumers and distinguish themselves as eco-friendly companies. The paper determines which green efforts are effective and which are not and also what the consumer perception is towards each brand using descriptive statistics as well as hypothesis testing using primary survey data. The results indicate the major distinctions between tactics and emphasize the potential role of branding in gaining consumer confidence and loyalty in Indian EV market.

Background: The United Nations declaration of International Yoga Day in 2015 marked a pivotal moment in recognizing yoga's potential role in global health, with particular significance for India as yoga's birthplace. This narrative review examines the evidence accumulated over the past decade regarding yoga's impact on health outcomes, with special attention to research conducted in Indian populations. Methods: A narrative review was conducted examining original research studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2005-2024. Thirty high-quality studies were selected, including 17 original research studies (RCTs, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies), with emphasis on Indian research contributions and global evidence across major health domains. Results: The 30 selected studies demonstrate robust evidence for yoga's health benefits across multiple conditions. Original research from India shows significant improvements in type 2 diabetes management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and mental health outcomes. Indian studies demonstrate culturally adapted interventions with moderate to large effect sizes. Global research confirms yoga's excellent safety profile (8,430 participants) and efficacy in chronic disease management, mental health, and healthy aging. Conclusions: The decade following International Yoga Day has established yoga as an evidence-based intervention with measurable health benefits. Research from India and globally demonstrates yoga's potential in addressing contemporary health challenges, supporting its integration into healthcare systems worldwide.

प्रस्तुत विश्लेषणात्मक अध्ययन का उद्देश्य कुमाऊँ विश्वविद्यालय में अध्यनरत बी.एड. छात्रों की मानसिक एवं संवेगात्मक दशा का गहन विश्लेषण करना है। शिक्षकों की भूमिका समाज निर्माण में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है, और उनका मानसिक व संवेगात्मक स्वास्थ्य उनकी कार्यकुशलता और छात्रों के विकास पर सीधा प्रभाव डालता है। इस अध्ययन में, विभिन्न मनोवैज्ञानिक मापनियों का उपयोग कर बी.एड. छात्रों में तनाव, चिंता, अवसाद, संवेगात्मक परिपक्वता और संवेगात्मक बुद्धिमत्ता के स्तर का आकलन किया गया है। अध्ययन में मात्रात्मक अनुसंधान पद्धति का प्रयोग किया गया है, जिसके तहत कुमाऊँ विश्वविद्यालय से संबद्ध महाविद्यालयों के बी.एड. छात्रों के एक प्रतिदर्श से डेटा एकत्र किया गया। प्राप्त डेटा का विश्लेषण वर्णनात्मक और अनुमानित सांख्यिकी का उपयोग करके किया गया। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष बी.एड. छात्रों की मानसिक स्वास्थ्य चुनौतियों और संवेगात्मक क्षमताओं पर प्रकाश डालते हैं, जिससे उनके प्रशिक्षण कार्यक्रमों को बेहतर बनाने और उनके समग्र कल्याण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए उपयुक्त हस्तक्षेपों की सिफारिश की जा सकेगी।

The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (NI Act) is a vital piece of legislation that regulates the use of instruments like cheques, promissory notes, and bills of exchange in India. It plays a key role in ensuring that financial transactions run smoothly and offers legal remedies in cases of default. This paper delves into the origins, structure, and implications of the NI Act, with a particular focus on Section 138, which addresses cheque dishonour. We’ll explore relevant legal provisions, amendments, and judicial decisions to grasp how the Act is practically implemented and its significance in today’s trade landscape. By examining case laws, statutory developments, and comparative legal systems, this paper highlights the effectiveness of the NI Act in maintaining financial integrity.

Environmental degradation has become a serious issue in modern-day governance and public policy worldwide. In India, urbanization, population growth, and rapid industrialization have added to environmental issues. In spite of a strong legal framework, gaps in enforcement remain substantial, with the need for the proactive intervention of the judiciary. This research paper examines the evolution in the role of the Indian judiciary as a powerful player in environmental governance. Through constitutional mandates, statutory interpretation, landmark judgments, and establishment of legal doctrines, the judiciary has played a crucial role in environmental protection. The paper further examines the rise and role of Public Interest Litigation (PIL), establishment of the National Green Tribunal, and the role of judicial activism in environmental jurisprudence.